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Date: Sat, 20 Aug 94 11:30:22 PDT From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #938 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Sat, 20 Aug 94 Volume 94 : Issue 938 Today's Topics: #340 Solve the Impossible 2/2 Book Review: LATEST INTELLIGENCE reference for radio/scanner fans Can you 6M U.S. coast to coast? Daily Summary of Solar Geophysical Activity for 16 August General Class Exam Question Pool Info on UK operation needed. Motorcycle Mobile-Help VHF: non-FM Wanted: info on Chicago hamfes t this weekend What's a 10-10 frequency? Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 20 Aug 94 16:47:56 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: #340 Solve the Impossible 2/2 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bid: $RACESBUL.340 Subject: #340 Solve the Impossible 2/2 From: W6WWW@KD6XZ.#NOCAL.CA.USA.NOAM To : RACES@ALLUS TO: ALL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES VIA AMATEUR RADIO INFO: ALL COMMUNICATIONS VOLUNTEERS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE INFO: ALL AMATEURS U.S (@USA: INFORMATION), CAP, MARS. FROM: CA GOVERNORS OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES (W6SIG@WA6NWE.CA) PH: 916-262-1600, 2800 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832. Landline BBS, 916-262-1657 (Open to all). Internet crm@oes.ca.gov or seh@oes.ca.gov BULLETIN 340 MGT: Solving the Impossible 2/2 Release Date: August 22, l994 Emergency services administrators not yet using volunteer communicators may well wonder if such dedicated and reliable volunteers actually exist. They do, although they may not necessarily be the first group that comes to mind. In many parts of the country such people have been found and selected carefully from a pool of applicants, and then trained and employed for many years. The key elements are: selected with care and trained and employed for years. While only a small percentage of the potential emergency communications reserve participants will have the dedication and meet the requirements to become truly professional emergency communicators, there usually are sufficient numbers. Once selected, organized and trained, they can become largely self-sustaining so long as the agency remembers to keep them actively involved in the day-to-day life of the agency. That is, in itself, one of the essential actions that separates outstanding results from the mediocre for the agency. It is a process that is far easier to implement than to describe. The effort required to establish a communications reserve assuredly will pay off. Check into the services that have dealt with recent disasters, such as the hurricanes in South Florida and Hawaii, earthquakes and fires in Southern California, floods in the Midwest. Volunteer communicators were indispensable in all of them. Need help in finding such personnel? Help IS available to the agency that asks for it. Call Stan Harter or Cary Mangum 916-262-1600 s/s Bill Musladin CA State Office of Emergency Services Retired Chief State Radio Officer EOM ----------------- RACES Bulletins are archived on the Internet at ftp.ucsd.edu in hamradio/races or in hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming and can be retrieved using FTP. The opinions stated are those of the author of the bulletin and not the poster. ------------------------------ Date: 19 Aug 1994 18:15:40 -0400 From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!noc.near.net!shore.shore.net!shore.shore.net!not-for-mail@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Book Review: LATEST INTELLIGENCE reference for radio/scanner fans To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I am always intrigued by "secret information" books and when I noticed LATEST INTELLIGENCE by James E. Tunnell ( TAB Books division of/McGraw Hill 1990, ISBN 0-8306-3531-9, $16.95) I just had to read it. LATEST INTELLIGENCE describes itself as "an International Directory of Codes by Government, Law Enforcement, Military and Surveillance Agencies. Its a concise directory covering communication codes, radio frequencies, descriptions and explanations. It's absolutely fascinating! The meanings of more than 35.000 terms, phrases, abbreviations and acronyms used in the intelligence, law enforcement, military and aeronautical communities have been compiled into one convenient, well-indexed volume. LATEST INTELLIGENCE was compiled with the assistance of the U.S. Department of Defense, INTERPOL, NASA, law enforcement and intelligence groups in America,Asia and Europe. Stated objective of the book is "to provide fundamental information on subjects discussed in law enforcement, military and government radio communications". Topics range from radio codes used by law enforcement agencies to street slang for narcotics. A directory of worldwide law enforcement agencies is included. Some of the "goodies" include: * Amateur radio callsign prefixes (although these are somewhat dated, especially in regards to the former Soviet Union and its republics.) * TV Audio frequencies including UHF translator channels and RCI sub-carriers. * International Civil aircraft markings/identifiers. * Cellular phone frequencies (both cellphone and repeater site) although for some unknown reason these are listed under Emergency Cellular Telephone Frequencies and they do not include the extended cellular band from 869.030 to 970.000 MHz. * Worldwide emergency/distress and search-and-rescue frequencies. * Federal law enforcement frequencies, including a comprehensive list of Immigration - Border Patrol * Fire 10-codes. * Traffic "prowords" and Q signals. * Security clearance basics. * Lists of sources of information on how and where to buy government surplus materials. This info alone is well worth the price of the book! * Repeater frequencies used by Highway Patrols. * Social Security Numbers codes decoded. * Law Enforcement 10-codes (lists several meaning for each 10-code so this can be very confusing). * List of U.S. Military Bases, Stations and related installations worldwide. * comprehensive bibliography and list of resources. and a whole lot more...... Overall my impression of this book is that it is very useful as a reference to general radio monitoring. My criticism is that it is somewhat dated (1990) although most of the information is still current. I was somewhat amused by the author's definition of a "Johnson" ( street slang for a stolen vehicle). My knowledge of this word used in this context is something quite different). I noticed several errors (but these are bound to occur especially in a work that contains so much information.) LATEST INTELLIGENCE has been prepared as a ready-reference guide to short-wave radio and scanner listening. It bills itself as "the most comprehensive and up-to-date communications tool you can have on your bookshelf." It has been placed in a prominent position on mine! Michael Crestohl, KH6KD/W1 ------------------------------ Date: 19 Aug 1994 17:30:51 -0700 From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!news.cerf.net!ccnet.com!ccnet.com!not-for-mail@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Can you 6M U.S. coast to coast? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Steve Phillips (srphillips@ccgate.dp.beckman.com) wrote: : Can you 6M U.S. coast to coast? : If so, how much power and what antenna type is best? Most of the time no amount of power or antenna will work. But during times of good propagation, modest stations will work coast to coast. A month ago several of us in the Berkeley Hills of California were able to work a Hawaiian 2meter repeater with a one watt handheld using a rubber-duck antenna. This was due to tropospheric ducting, a weather related propagation mechinism. Again, normally no amount of power or antennas will work over this 2500 mile path. Bob -- Bob Wilkins work bwilkins@cave.org Berkeley, California home rwilkins@ccnet.com 94701-0710 play n6fri@n6eeg.#nocal.ca.usa.noam ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 19 Aug 1994 16:25:37 MDT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!agate!library.ucla.edu!news.mic.ucla.edu!unixg.ubc.ca!quartz.ucs.ualberta.ca!alberta!ve6mgs!usenet@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Daily Summary of Solar Geophysical Activity for 16 August To: info-hams@ucsd.edu /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ DAILY SUMMARY OF SOLAR GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY 16 AUGUST, 1994 /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ (Based In-Part On SESC Observational Data) SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY INDICES FOR 16 AUGUST, 1994 ---------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Energetic electron fluence at greater than 2 MeV was at moderate levels. !!BEGIN!! (1.0) S.T.D. Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for DAY 228, 08/16/94 10.7 FLUX=076.8 90-AVG=078 SSN=064 BKI=3222 1132 BAI=008 BGND-XRAY=A4.8 FLU1=6.9E+05 FLU10=1.3E+04 PKI=3323 2133 PAI=010 BOU-DEV=021,018,013,019,006,006,027,017 DEV-AVG=015 NT SWF=00:000 XRAY-MAX= C1.2 @ 1328UT XRAY-MIN= A1.9 @ 2218UT XRAY-AVG= B1.6 NEUTN-MAX= +002% @ 1720UT NEUTN-MIN= -002% @ 2140UT NEUTN-AVG= +0.0% PCA-MAX= +0.2DB @ 1715UT PCA-MIN= -0.7DB @ 2100UT PCA-AVG= +0.0DB BOUTF-MAX=55228NT @ 0019UT BOUTF-MIN=55199NT @ 1732UT BOUTF-AVG=55216NT GOES7-MAX=P:+000NT@ 0000UT GOES7-MIN=N:+000NT@ 0000UT G7-AVG=+073,+000,+000 GOES6-MAX=P:+127NT@ 1826UT GOES6-MIN=N:-027NT@ 2223UT G6-AVG=+101,+033,-010 FLUXFCST=STD:080,080,080;SESC:080,080,080 BAI/PAI-FCST=025,015,010/025,015,010 KFCST=3334 4333 3333 4322 27DAY-AP=007,013 27DAY-KP=2132 2212 2343 3223 WARNINGS=*MAJFLR;*SWF ALERTS= !!END-DATA!! NOTE: The Effective Sunspot Number for 15 AUG 94 was 22.0. The Full Kp Indices for 15 AUG 94 are: 4- 2+ 3- 3+ 4- 3- 3+ 4- The 3-Hr Ap Indices for 15 AUG 94 are: 21 10 13 19 23 11 19 21 Greater than 2 MeV Electron Fluence for 16 AUG is: 5.6E+08 SYNOPSIS OF ACTIVITY -------------------- Solar activity was low for the past 24 hours. A single C-class x-ray event occurred at 1327Z (max) but no flare report was received. Region 7765 (S11W37) was the likely source because it produced several subflares through the day, many with x-ray enhancements. Region 7765 continued to decline in white light and magnetic complexity. New Region 7767 (S13E47) emerged as a simple, bipolar spot group. The remainder of the disk and limbs were quiet. Solar activity forecast: solar activity is expected to be low to very low. Region 7765 now appears capable of only isolated C-class x-ray events. The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. Energetic electron fluxes at geosynchronous orbit were high. Geophysical activity forecast: the geomagnetic field is expected to be active tomorrow based on a possible solar wind disturbance associated with a moderate x-ray event on 14 August. Quiet to unsettled conditions should prevail for the remainder of the forecast period. Event probabilities 17 aug-19 aug Class M 20/10/05 Class X 01/01/01 Proton 01/01/01 PCAF Green Geomagnetic activity probabilities 17 aug-19 aug A. Middle Latitudes Active 45/55/20 Minor Storm 20/10/10 Major-Severe Storm 10/05/05 B. High Latitudes Active 45/55/20 Minor Storm 25/10/10 Major-Severe Storm 10/05/05 HF propagation conditions were normal over all regions. Periods of minor signal degradation were evident at times over the high latitude regions. Equatorial paths also reported periods of minor signal degradation attributed to sporadic absorption in the night-sectors. Similar conditions are expexted over the next 72 hours. There is a chance the flare-related disturbance of 14 August could impact with the Earth over the next 24 hours. If it fails to arrive, near-normal propagation will continue. There remains a risk for minor SWF activity due to solar flares, although the threat is gradually decreasing as Region 7765 decays. COPIES OF JOINT USAF/NOAA SESC SOLAR GEOPHYSICAL REPORTS ======================================================== REGIONS WITH SUNSPOTS. LOCATIONS VALID AT 16/2400Z AUGUST --------------------------------------------------------- NMBR LOCATION LO AREA Z LL NN MAG TYPE 7764 S06W01 357 0050 HSX 02 001 ALPHA 7765 S11W38 034 0180 EAO 12 016 BETA 7766 N09E19 337 0020 BXO 03 005 BETA 7767 S13E46 310 0020 BXO 03 002 BETA REGIONS DUE TO RETURN 17 AUGUST TO 19 AUGUST NMBR LAT LO NONE LISTING OF SOLAR ENERGETIC EVENTS FOR 16 AUGUST, 1994 ----------------------------------------------------- BEGIN MAX END RGN LOC XRAY OP 245MHZ 10CM SWEEP SWF NO EVENTS OBSERVED POSSIBLE CORONAL MASS EJECTION EVENTS FOR 16 AUGUST, 1994 --------------------------------------------------------- BEGIN MAX END LOCATION TYPE SIZE DUR II IV NO EVENTS OBSERVED INFERRED CORONAL HOLES. LOCATIONS VALID AT 16/2400Z --------------------------------------------------- ISOLATED HOLES AND POLAR EXTENSIONS EAST SOUTH WEST NORTH CAR TYPE POL AREA OBSN NONE DATA AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS SUMMARY OF FLARE EVENTS FOR THE PREVIOUS UTC DAY ------------------------------------------------ Date Begin Max End Xray Op Region Locn 2695 MHz 8800 MHz 15.4 GHz ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- -- ------ ------ --------- --------- --------- 15 Aug: 0056 0117 0140 C1.1 SF 7765 S12W12 0240 0246 0250 B6.7 SF 7765 S12W13 0454 0509 0515 B2.0 0635 0702 0740 B8.4 SF 7765 S11W15 0946 0950 0954 B1.5 1235 1251 1306 M1.2 2N 7765 S12W18 250 40 28 1631 1635 1648 B1.5 1714 1722 1728 B5.3 SF 7765 S11W21 1907 1912 1919 B1.4 1947 1957 2007 B2.1 2321 2328 2334 B5.0 REGION FLARE STATISTICS FOR THE PREVIOUS UTC DAY ------------------------------------------------ C M X S 1 2 3 4 Total (%) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ------ Region 7765: 1 1 0 4 0 1 0 0 005 (45.5) Uncorrellated: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 006 (54.5) Total Events: 011 optical and x-ray. EVENTS WITH SWEEPS AND/OR OPTICAL PHENOMENA FOR THE LAST UTC DAY ---------------------------------------------------------------- Date Begin Max End Xray Op Region Locn Sweeps/Optical Observations ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- -- ------ ------ --------------------------- NO EVENTS OBSERVED. NOTES: All times are in Universal Time (UT). Characters preceding begin, max, and end times are defined as: B = Before, U = Uncertain, A = After. All times associated with x-ray flares (ex. flares which produce associated x-ray bursts) refer to the begin, max, and end times of the x-rays. Flares which are not associated with x-ray signatures use the optical observations to determine the begin, max, and end times. Acronyms used to identify sweeps and optical phenomena include: II = Type II Sweep Frequency Event III = Type III Sweep IV = Type IV Sweep V = Type V Sweep Continuum = Continuum Radio Event Loop = Loop Prominence System, Spray = Limb Spray, Surge = Bright Limb Surge, EPL = Eruptive Prominence on the Limb. ** End of Daily Report ** ------------------------------ Date: 20 Aug 1994 16:01:41 GMT From: news.delphi.com!davesparks@uunet.uu.net Subject: General Class Exam Question Pool To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Please forgive me if this message is a duplicate. I attempted to post it earlier, and I'm not sure it ever got out: I have an ARRL study manual for the General Class that's a couple of years old. It states on the front cover "For exams given at least until June 1994". Apparently 7/1/94 was the EARLIEST date that the question pool might be changed. Does anyone know what the status is? Are the old questions still good, or have they changed? If they haven't changed, has it been announced when they will change? Similar info for the Advanced pool would be helpful, also. Thanks. 73 de -- /--------------+------------------------------------\ | | Internet: davesparks@delphi.com | | Dave Sparks | Fidonet: Dave Sparks @ 1:207/212 | | KD6PDZ | BBS: (909) 353-9821 - 14.4K | \--------------+------------------------------------/ ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 19 Aug 1994 22:35:10 +0000 From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!swrinde!pipex!demon!arkas.demon.co.uk!Michael@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Info on UK operation needed. To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <CuooBF.Azw@world.std.com> eac@world.std.com "Eric A Cottrell" writes: > In <portnoyCuAxH5.A21@netcom.com> portnoy@netcom.com (Elan Portnoy) writes: > > >I'm a US amateur that may spend a year or so in the UK. > >I'm not familiar with the necesities for obtaining permission. > Just to add a note to Eric's advice ... I'm currently in the UK and my licence application is in progress. I had to send the following to SSL: a) My application form (mine came from RadCom). b) My original VK licence. c) My cheque drawn on a UK bank for GBP 15.00. SSL replied within a week (to my address within the UK) with my original VK licence, and a note saying that they acknowledged receipt of my application. They also ask that I allow 21 days for the receipt of my callsign and validation document. The bit I liked was the request that I *not* contact SSL during the 21 day period with concerns about the issue of my licence! :) I think I'll just wait for it to turn up in the post ... :) it should turn up in about two weeks time! I considered applying for a licence before I arrived here, but found that upon arrival I was so busy getting used to a different country that my first 21 days flew by, and I could have had a licence by the time I remembered that I still even had a radio packed away in the luggage somewhere! (As you've probably gathered, I'm not in a tearing great hurry to get on the air). Hope you don't want to do any serious HF if you'll be in suburbia at all ... there's not a lot of space over here. I've not seen too many back yards big enough to put in a decent half-wave dipole on 20 metres, let alone a three element tri-band yagi. :) 73's de VK2ENG in G land. -- Michael J Dower 'Quoth the raven, "Never more".' ... Poe ------------------------------ Date: 20 Aug 1994 14:28:24 GMT From: news.delphi.com!davesparks@uunet.uu.net Subject: Motorcycle Mobile-Help To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bill/N6GHG asked: >The main question, however, is what to use for an antenna. I don't have a >large metal roof to mount it to, so will have to use an antenna different >than I am familiar with. What would be the desired mounting choice? I >have thought about buying a trailer hitch for the bike and maybe even tow a >small trailer at sometime. It may be possible to mount some sort of a whip >to the trailer mounting bracket...??? Maybe a visit to the local police station (or the donut shop <g>) would be in order. The police bikes are radio equipped, and they seem to be able to transmit and receive OK. See what they use. Although the trend is towards UHF for big city PDs, many used to use VHF and many still do. As I recall, an end-fed 1/2 wave dipole (approx. 38 inches for 2m) requires no ground plane to operate. Perhaps using one of those "extra range" telescoping antennas they make for the handhelds would work. An L bracket with a BNC connector in it should do the trick for mounting. /--------------+------------------------------------\ | | Internet: davesparks@delphi.com | | Dave Sparks | Fidonet: Dave Sparks @ 1:207/212 | | KD6PDZ | BBS: (909) 353-9821 - 14.4K | \--------------+------------------------------------/ ------------------------------ Date: 17 Aug 1994 23:30:11 GMT From: netnews.upenn.edu!news.amherst.edu!news.mtholyoke.edu!uhog.mit.edu!news.kei.com!yeshua.marcam.com!usc!math.ohio-state.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!csn!yuma!galen@RUTGERS.EDU Subject: VHF: non-FM To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <32u265$g8d@charm.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu> sbertsch@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Steve Bertsch) writes: >Are there any stats, or even ballpark guesses, on how many folks are still >interested in VHF modes other than FM, particularly 2 meter SSB? I may be >able to pick up a 2 meter all-mode at a good price, but don't want to spend >a chunk of $$ on an electronic nick-nack. I live in central Ohio, BTW. Nooooo, nobody doing that stuff anymore. By the way, who's selling and what they got? ------------------------------ Date: 19 Aug 1994 20:23:54 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!nic-nac.CSU.net!charnel.ecst.csuchico.edu!psgrain!rainrgnews0!pacifier!news.alpha.net!earth!kbeckman@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Wanted: info on Chicago hamfes t this weekend To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Does anyone know of a hamfest in chicago this weekend, Aug 20th or 21st? ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 19 Aug 1994 12:09:10 -0500 From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!mvb.saic.com!unogate!news.service.uci.edu!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!news.nd.edu!nimtziici.edmedia.nd.edu!user@network.ucsd.edu Subject: What's a 10-10 frequency? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <wyn.140.2E54E19D@ornl.gov>, wyn@ornl.gov (C. C. (Clay) Wynn, N4AOX) wrote: > In article <nimtz.1-1908941029400001@nimtziici.edmedia.nd.edu> nimtz.1@nd.edu (Rick Nimtz) writes: > > >I've heard of the 10-10 "club" but what the heck is a 10-10 frequency? > >There is no mention of 10-10 frequencies in any of the ARRL literature or > >in part 97. Is there a new bandplan I don't know about? What happens if I > >call CQ on 28.4 MHz, will anyone answer me? What other frequencies are > >"off limits" because I'm not a member of some special club? > 10-10 International is a group that promotes activity and fellowship on the > 10 meter band, and is particularly effective during the dog days of sun-spot > lows. They may use the 28.4 Mhz as a hailing frequency for establishing > initial contacts. They are a very friendly cooperative group, and I would > not expect flamage if you intrude, in fact they welcome all radio visitors. > By the way, I am not a member but do support their mission. So does that mean the 28.4 is a calling frequency, then move somewhere else to ragchew? That makes a lot of sense. Sometimes I think I'm just talking to hear myself talk when I call CQ. 73 N9TJG ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rick Nimtz INTERNET: Nimtz.1@nd.edu Chief Technician/LAN Administrator FAX: +1 219 631 8777 Educational Media Voice: +1 219 631 8783 University of Notre Dame, B16 DeBartolo Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vanity of vanities, says the Teacher, vanity of vanities! All is vanity. What do people gain from all the toil at which they toil under the sun? A generation goes, and a generation comes, but the earth remains forever. Eccl. 1:2-4 (NSRV) ------------------------------ Date: 19 Aug 1994 17:03:29 GMT From: yuma!galen@purdue.edu To: info-hams@ucsd.edu References <32u265$g8d@charm.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>, <32u6i3$2kt7@yuma.ACNS.ColoState.EDU>, <330b2s$gck$1@rosebud.ncd.com>ma Subject : Re: VHF: non-FM In article <330b2s$gck$1@rosebud.ncd.com> stevew@sheridan.ncd.com (Steve Wilson) writes: >|> >Are there any stats, or even ballpark guesses, on how many folks are still >|> >interested in VHF modes other than FM, particularly 2 meter SSB? I may be > >|> Nooooo, nobody doing that stuff anymore. >|> By the way, who's selling and what they got? > >This is pretty inaccurate statement. It's called humor. I figured that the 'Nooooo' would tip you off, and if that didn't, the 'Who's selling' would be a for sure. My apologies to the uptight and tense, but I'm getting tired of the ' ;-) ' B.S. Again, who's selling and what they got? galen, KF0YJ 1.8-1300 MHz, all modes. (okay, okay, no 220 gear, but i'm lookin') ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #938 ******************************